John Cox

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An introduction to Service Data Objects for PHP

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PHP, XML, and Character Encodings: a tale of sadness, rage, and (data-)loss

A developer documents their multi-layered solution to handling international character encoding in RSS feeds across the Feed on Feeds aggregator, discovering that PHP's XML parser defaults to ISO-8859-1 and only natively supports three encodings, then implementing a workaround that detects the feed's declared encoding and uses the mbstring extension to convert non-standard charsets to UTF-8 before parsing. The post chronicles the frustrating limitations of PHP 4's XML support and notes that PHP 5's improvements, while better, remain artificially restricted by unclear design choices that will take years to deploy in practice.

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Information on Border Slants

This guide demonstrates a CSS technique called "slants" that uses colored borders of varying widths to create geometric shapes like triangles, trapezoids, and polygons in pure HTML and CSS, with applications ranging from decorative elements to complex constructions like stars and arbitrary lines. The method exploits how browser rendering combines borders at different angles, though it has limitations—triangles must have at least one horizontal or vertical edge, and angles below 90 degrees require workarounds like transparent borders or overlapping shapes. The author illustrates how these basic building blocks can be combined and manipulated to create more sophisticated visual effects and even dynamic drawings with JavaScript.

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Chris Shiflett: Security Corner: Cross-Site Request Forgeries

This foundational 2004 article introduces cross-site request forgeries (CSRF) as a web security vulnerability where attackers exploit a website's trust in an authenticated user to perform unauthorized actions on their behalf, contrasting it with XSS which exploits a user's trust in a website. The piece explains how CSRF attacks work through simple mechanisms like image tags that trigger unintended requests, and establishes the CSRF token—a unique per-session identifier embedded in forms and verified server-side—as the standard defense that prevents attackers from forging valid requests. The article demonstrates implementation with PHP code examples and notes that while this defense was manual in 2004, modern frameworks now build CSRF protection into their core functionality.

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Media types

CSS enables different style sheets or style rules to apply to different output media—such as screens, print, braille devices, or speech synthesizers—by using @media and @import at-rules or media attributes in HTML markup. Different media types often need different values for the same property (like font-size), since a document displayed on screen requires different formatting than the same document on paper. CSS defines nine recognized media types (screen, print, handheld, braille, speech, projection, etc.) and organizes properties into media groups based on whether they apply to continuous or paged media, visual or audio content, and interactive or static devices.

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XHTML Character Entity Reference

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.htaccess tricks and tips.. part one: tasty food for web serving thoughts.

This guide explains how to use .htaccess files—invisible configuration files placed on web servers—to control access permissions, customize error pages, password-protect directories, enable directory browsing, compress output to save bandwidth, and hide sensitive files from direct access. It covers practical directives like Allow/Deny rules, AuthType for password protection, ErrorDocument for custom error pages, and various PHP settings that can be configured at the folder level rather than requiring changes to the main server configuration. The author emphasizes testing changes on a local server first to avoid 500 errors and demonstrates how conditional blocks like `<ifModule>` can safely apply directives only when specific server components are available.

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JSAN - Home

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Free Excel Spreadsheets

This is a curated directory of Excel spreadsheet templates and tools for financial planning and business analysis, featuring over 120 downloadable models covering capital budgeting, valuation, cash flow analysis, project management, and risk assessment. The collection includes foundational templates from finance experts like Aswath Damodaran alongside practical tools for LBO analysis, merger synergies, DCF valuations, and operational decision-making. The resource also links to Excel add-ons, courses, and supplementary materials for building financial models and conducting business evaluations.

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Hardened-PHP Project - PHP Security

PHP's popularity makes it a major target for hackers, requiring server-side hardening to protect against exploits that aren't prevented by default installations. The article explains how to locate and edit the PHP.ini configuration file depending on your hosting type—with shared hosting having limitations but VPS/dedicated servers offering full control through the Web Host Manager—and recommends using automated patching solutions like Suhosin, which provides comprehensive protection by patching the PHP core and running continuously as an extension to defend against vulnerabilities that manual editing alone cannot address.

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Writing Efficient CSS

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Javascript Diff Algorithm

This page presents a JavaScript implementation of Heckel's 1978 diff algorithm that compares two text strings and outputs HTML markup showing the differences between them, with deletions and additions visually distinguished. The `diffString()` function accepts two string arguments and returns marked-up content highlighting what was removed from the original and added in the new version. The code is available as a downloadable MIT-licensed library with example applications in Wikipedia visualization tools.

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Notes on suggesting link styles

This guide explains how to write CSS selectors for styling different link states (unvisited, visited, hovered, focused, and active) in a way that works correctly across browsers with varying CSS support levels. The author recommends using selectors like `:link`, `:visited`, `:link:hover`, `:visited:hover`, and `:link:active, :visited:active` rather than simpler alternatives, detailing why common approaches fail in specific browsers and why the proposed method degrades gracefully. The document includes browser-by-browser compatibility notes, recognizing quirks in Internet Explorer, Opera, and Netscape that would cause incorrect styling if other selector patterns were used.

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And all that Malarkey [CSS: Hold the front page]

The author demonstrates how to create a magazine-style multi-column news layout using only semantic HTML elements (definition lists, headings, and unordered lists) with CSS styling, avoiding the need for extra wrapper divs. The technique uses floated definition lists for featured items, smaller floated definition lists for secondary news, and floated list items for additional links, with specific CSS rules to handle layout and the IE doubled float-margin bug. The approach was tested across multiple browsers including Internet Explorer 5-6, Firefox, Opera, and Mozilla.

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