This page collects classical statistical formulas commonly needed by programmers to properly report and analyze data, organized into five categories: reporting averages (standard deviation, confidence intervals, t-tests), proportions (binomial and multinomial confidence intervals, chi-squared tests), count data (Poisson distributions), comparing distributions (Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests), and trend lines (regression). Each formula includes its mathematical expression, variable definitions, brief commentary on why it matters, and references for further learning, with the underlying argument that understanding these statistical tools helps programmers move beyond simple point estimates to make meaningful claims about underlying data patterns.
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